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Kenny Black
Head of Ecology Department
+44 1631 559259
Research interests
Dr Kenneth Black has been involved in marine science for 17 years and has published 48 peer-reviewed papers on a variety of topics ranging from organic chemistry to modelling environmental impacts of aquaculture. He has edited and co-edited 6 books on environmental impacts of aquaculture and contributed chapters to seveeral other volumes. Within SAMS he leads the Ecology Department, which currently comprises 31 scientists and 6 graduate students. He has supervised 9 PhD students to successful completion. He has previously co-ordinated 3 EU projects concerning the impacts of aquaculture, including BIOFAQS, and was a participant in the EU MERAMED and SAMI projects. Recently he was the co-ordinator of the EU FP6 STREP ECASA - Ecosystem Approach for Sustainable Aquaculture that is currently at the final reporting stage (www.ecasa.org.uk). In the UK, he has lead several major projects including the DEFRA 'Ecological effects of sea lice medecines' project (£1.5m) and several SARF projects. he was a co-PI on NERC projects from AUTOSUB and DEMA thematic programmes. Dr Black is a member of the Scottish Working Group on Aquaculture and more recently a member of the Expert Working Group on Aquaculture Site location. He is an accredited PRINCE2 Practitioner.
His current research interests include:
- Persistent organic pollutants in the Arctic
- Recovery processes in fish farm sediments
- Distinguishing salmon populations using scale micro-chemistry
- Lipids as climate and trophic indicators
- Indicators and models of pollution form aquaculture
- Marine Biofuels
Research student supervision
PhD students successfully completed: Paula Pereira, Paul Provost, Stephen Craig, Kemi Obajimi, Rebecca Dean, Richard Corner, Liz Adey, Lindsay Vare, Mark Shields, Paul Batty
1 MSc student successfully completed: Caroline Carter
Current PhD students: Carolina Nebot (at ERI Thurso)
Publications
A full publication list is available here
Refereed (SCI listed):
1. Black, K. D. and Gunstone, F. D. (1990) The Synthesis and Spectroscopic Properties of Some Polyol Esters and Ethers. Chemistry and Physics of Lipids, 56 169-173.
2. Black, K. D., Ezzi, I. A., Kiemer, M. C. B. and Wallace, A. J. (1994) Preliminary Evaluation of the Effects of Long-Term Periodic Sublethal Exposure to Hydrogen-Sulfide On the Health of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo- Salar L). Journal of Applied Ichthyology-Zeitschrift Fur Angewandte Ichthyologie, 10 362-367.
3. Kiemer, M. C. B., Black, K. D., Lussot, D., Bullock, A. M. and Ezzi, I. (1995) The effects of chronic and acute exposure to hydrogen sulfide on Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L). Aquaculture, 135 311-327.
4. Black, K. D. and Gunstone, F. D. (1996) The Friedel-Crafts Adducts of Methyl Oleate With Benzene and Toluene. Chemistry and Physics of Lipids, 79 87-94.
5. Black, K. D. and Gunstone, F. D. (1996) Friedel-Crafts Alkylation of Benzene and Toluene With Olefinic C-6 Hydrocarbons and Esters. Chemistry and Physics of Lipids, 79 79-86.
6. Black, K. D., Kiemer, M. C. B. and Ezzi, I. A. (1996) Benthic impact, hydrogen sulphide and fish health: field and laboratory studies., in Aquaculture and sea lochs (ed K. D. Black), Scottish Association for Marine Science, Oban, pp 16-26.
7. Black, K. D., Kiemer, M. C. B. and Ezzi, I. A. (1996) The relationships between hydrodynamics, the concentration of hydrogen sulfide produced by polluted sediments and fish health at several marine cage farms in Scotland and Ireland. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 12 15-20.
8. Black, K. D., Fleming, S., Nickell, T. D. and Pereira, P. M. F. (1997) The effects of ivermectin, used to control sea lice on caged farmed salmonids, on infaunal polychaetes. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 54 276-279.
9. Kiemer, M. C. B. and Black, K. D. (1997) The effects of hydrogen peroxide on the gill tissues of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. Aquaculture, 153 181-189.
10. Provost, P. G., Black, K. D., Davies, I. M. and Read, P. A. (1997) Antibiotics in fish farm sediments, in Environmental Pollution: Assessment and Treatment (ed P. Read and J. Kinross), Napier University Press, Edinburgh, pp 7-20.
11. Heasman, M. S. and Black, K. D. (1998) The potential of Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus (L.) for mariculture. Aquaculture Research., 29 67-76.
12. Henderson, R. J., D.A.M. Forrest, Black, K. D. and Park, M. T. (1998) Environmental distribution of lipids in sealoch sediments underlying marine fish cages. Aquaculture, 158 69-83.
13. Carrie, R., Mitchell, L. & Black, K. (1998) Seasonal fatty acid fluctuations on the Hebridean Shelf Edge. Organic Geochemistry, 29 1583-1593.
14. Cromey, C.J., Black, K.D., Edwards, A. and Jack I.A. (1998) Modelling the deposition and biological effects of organic carbon from marine sewage discharges. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science, 47, 295-308.
15. Thetmeyer, H., Waller, U., Black, K. D., Inselmann, S. and Rosenthal, H. (1999) Growth of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.) under hypoxic and oscillating oxygen conditions. Aquaculture, 174 355-367.
16. Mac Dougall, N. & Black, K. D. (1999) Determining sediment properties around a marine cage farm using acoustic ground discrimination: RoxAnn. Aquaculture Research, 30 1-8.
17. McKenzie, J. D., Black, K. D., Kelly, M. S., Newton, L. C., Handley, L. L., Scrimgeour, C. M., Raven, J. A. and Henderson, R. J. (2000) Comparisons of fatty acid and stable isotope ratios in symbiotic and non-symbiotic brittlestars from Oban Bay, Scotland. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 80 311-320.
18. Cook, E. J., Bell, M. V., Black, K. D. and Kelly, M. S. (2000) Fatty acid composition of gonagal material and diets of the sea urchin, Psammechinus miliaris: trophic and nutritional implications. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 255 261-274.
19. Pantazis, P. A., Kelly, M. S., Connolly, J. G. and Black, K. D. (2000) Effect of artificial diets on growth, lipid utilization, and gonad biochemistry in the adult sea urchin Psammechinus miliaris. Journal of Shellfish Research, 19 995-1001.
20. Black, K. D. and Mac Dougall, N., (2002). Hydrography of four Mediterranean marine cage sites. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 18, 1-5
21. Cromey, C. J., Nickell, T. D. & Black, K. D. (2002). DEPOMOD - modelling the deposition and biological effects of waste solids from marine cage farms. Aquaculture 214, 211-239.
22. Cromey, C. J., Nickell, T. D., Black, K. D., Provost, P. G. & Griffiths, C. R. (2002). Validation of a fish farm waste resuspension model by use of a particulate tracer discharged from a point source in a coastal environment. Estuaries 25, 916-929.
23. Nickell, L. A., K. D. Black, D. J. Hughes, J. Overnell, T. Brand, T. D. Nickell, E. Breuer and S. M. Harvey (2003). "Bioturbation, sediment fluxes and benthic community structure around a salmon cage farm in Loch Creran, Scotland." Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 285: 221-233.
24. Pereira, P. M. F., Black, K. D., Mclusky, D. S. & Nickell, T. D. (2004). Recovery of sediments after cessation of marine fish farm production. Aquaculture. 235, 315–330
25. Willis, K.J., Gillibrand, P.A., Cromey, C.J. and Black, K.D. (2005) Sea Lice Treatments at a Salmon Farm have No Adverse Effects on Zooplankton Communities, Marine Pollution Bulletin, 50 806-816.
26. Lepper, P.A., Turner, V.L.G., Goodson, A.D. and Black, K.D. (2004) Source levels and spectra emitted by three commercial aquaculture anti-predation devices. Proceedings of the Seventh European Conference on Underwater Acoustics, ECUA 2004 Delft, The Netherlands, 5-8 July, 2004
27. Obajimi, O., Black, K. D., Macdonald, D. J., Boyle, R. M., Glen, I. and Ross, B. M. (2005) Differential effects of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids upon oxidant-stimulated release and uptake of arachidonic acid in human lymphoma U937 cells. Pharmacology Research 52, 183-191.
28. Whitmarsh, D. J., Cook, E. J. and Black, K. D. (2006) Searching for sustainability in aquaculture: an investigation into the economic prospects for an integrated salmon-mussel production system. Marine Policy 30, 293-298.
29. Hughes, A. D., Catarino, A. I., Kelly, M. S., Barnes, D. K. A. and Black, K. D. (2005) Gonad fatty acids and trophic interactions of the echinoid Psammechinus miliaris. Marine Ecology Progress Series 305, 101-111.
30. Hughes, A. D., Kelly, M. S., Barnes, D. K. A., Catarino, A. I. and Black, K. D. (2006) The dual functions of sea urchin gonads are reflected in the temporal variations of their biochemistry. Marine Biology 148, 789-798.
31. Cook, E.J. K.D.Black, M.D.J. Sayer, C.J. Cromey, D. Angel, E. Spanier, A. Tsemel, T. Katz, N. Eden, I. Karakassis, M. Tsapakis, E. Apostolaki and A. Malej (2006) The influence of caged mariculture on the early development of sub-littoral fouling communities: a pan-European study. ICES Journal of Marine Science 63: 637-649
32. Dean, R. J., Shimmield, T. M. and Black, K. D. (2007). Copper, zinc and cadmium in marine cage fish farm sediments: an extensive survey. Environmental Pollution 145, 84-95.
33. Obajimi, O., Black, K. D., Glen, I. and Ross, B. M. (in press) Antioxidant modulation of oxidant-stimulated uptake and release of arachidonic acid in eicosapentaenoic acid supplemented human lymphoma U937 cells. Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids 2007 Feb;76(2):65-71. (IF 1.807)
34. Liu H., Kelly M.S., Cook E.J., Black, K.D., Orr H., Zhu, J.X. and Dong, S.L. 2007. The effect of diet type on growth and fatty-acid composition of sea urchin larvae, I Psammechinus miliaris (Gmelin). Aquaculture 264, 263-278
35. Liu H., Kelly M.S., Cook E.J., Black, K.D., Orr H., Zhu, J.X. and Dong, S.L. 2007. The effect of diet type on growth and fatty-acid composition of sea urchin larvae, II Paracentrotus lividus (Lamarck, 1816) (Echinodermata). Aquaculture 264, 247-262
36. Gutierrez, T. , Mulloy, B., Black, K.D. and Green, D.H. , Glycoprotein emulsifiers from two marine Halomonas species: chemical and physical characterisation Journal Of Applied Microbiology, 76, 1017-1026
37. Cook E.J., Hughes A.D., Orr, H., Kelly, M.S. and Black, K.D. (2007) Influence of dietary protein on essential fatty acids in the gonadal tissue of the sea urchins Psammechinus miliaris and Paracentrotus lividus (Echinodermata). Aquaculture 273, 586-594
37. Cook E.J., Hughes A.D., Orr, H., Kelly, M.S. and Black, K.D. (2007) Influence of dietary protein on essential fatty acids in the gonadal tissue of the sea urchins Psammechinus miliaris and Paracentrotus lividus (Echinodermata). Aquaculture 273, 586-594
38. Gutierrez, T., Mulloy, B., Bavington, C., Black, K. and Green, D. H. (2007). Partial purification and chemical characterization of a glycoprotein (putative hydrocolloid) emulsifier produced by a marine bacterium Antarctobacter. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 76, 1017-1026.
39. Navarro, N., Leakey, R.J.G., Black, K.D. (2008) Effect of salmon cage aquaculture on the pelagic environment of temperate coastal waters: seasonal changes in nutrients and microbial community Marine Ecology Progress Series 361, 47-58 doi: 10.3354/meps07357
40. Gutierrez, T., Shimmield, T.M., Haidon, C., Black, K. and Green, D.H. (2008) Emulsifying and metal ion binding activity of a glycoprotein exopolymer produced by Pseudoalteromonas sp. strain TG12. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 74 4867–4876 doi:10.1128/AEM.00316-08
41. Robertson, P.K.J., Black, K, Adams, M., Willis, K., Buchan, F, Muir, H., Lawton, L. and McCullagh,. C. (2009) A new generation of biocides for control of crustacea in fish farms. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology 95, 58–63.
42. Cromey, C.J., Nickell, T.D., Treasurer, J., Black, K.D., Inall, M., 2009. Modelling the impact of cod (Gadus morhua L) farming in the marine environment-CODMOD. Aquaculture 289, 42-53.
43. Borja, Á. J. Germán Rodríguez, Kenny Black, Alain Bodoy, Chris Emblow, Teresa F. Fernandes, Janez Forte, Ioannis Karakassis, Iñigo Muxika, Thom D. Nickell, Nafsika Papageorgiou, Fabio Pranovi, Katerina Sevastou, Paolo Tomassetti, Dror Angel. (2009) Assessing the suitability of a range of benthic indices in the evaluation of environmental impact of fin and shellfish aquaculture located in sites across Europe. Aquaculture 293, 231–240
44. Dodds, L.A., Black, K.D., Orr, H. and Roberts, J.M. (in press) Lipid biomarkers reveal geographical differences in food supply to the cold-water coral Lophelia pertusa (Scleractinia). Marine Ecology Progress Series
45. Adey, E.A., Black, K.D., Sawyer,, T, Shimmield, T.M. and C.N. Trueman, C.N. (in press) Scale microchemistry as a tool to investigate the origin of wild and farmed Salmo salar. Marine Ecology Progress Series
46. Nickell, T.D., Cromey, C.J., Borja, Á., and Black, K.D., (in press). The benthic impacts of a large cod farm – are there indicators for environmental sustainability? Aquaculture
47. Folmer, Florence, Marcel Jaspars, Godofredo Solano, Silvia Cristofanon, Estelle Henry, ,Jioji Tabudravu, Kenny Black, David H. Green, Frithjof C. Kupper, William Aalbersberg, Klaus Feussner, Mario Dicato, Marc Diederich (in press) The inhibition of TNF-a-induced NF-kB activation by marine natural products. Biochemical Pharmacology
48. Duarte, Carlos M., Marianne Holmer, Yngvar Olsen, Doris Soto, Núria Marbà, Joana Guiu, Kenny Black, Ioannis Karakassis. (in Press) Will the Oceans Help Feed Humanity? BioScience (IF 4.7)
Books and book chapters:
Black, K. D. (ed) (1996) Aquaculture and Sea Lochs. SAMS, Oban, 93 pages.
Black, K. D. and Pickering, A. D. (eds) (1998) The Biology of Farmed Fish, Sheffield Academic Press, Sheffield, .415 pp.
Black, K. D. (1998) The environmental interactions associated with fish culture, in The Biology of Farmed Fish (ed K. D. Black and A. D. Pickering), Sheffield Academic Press, Sheffield, 248-326.
Black, K.D. (ed.) (2001) Environmental Impacts of Aquaculture, Sheffield Academic Press, 214 pages.
Pearson, T.H. and Black, K.D. (2001) The environmental impact of marine fish cage culture, in Environmental Impacts of Aquaculture (ed. K.D. Black), Sheffield Academic Press, pp 1-31
Black, K.D. (2001) Sustainability of Aquaculture, in Environmental Impacts of Aquaculture (Ed. KD Black), Sheffield Academic Press, 199-212.
Davenport, J., Black, K.D., Burnell, G., Cross, T., Culloty, S., Ekaratne, S., Furness, B., Mulcahy, M. & Thetmeyer, H. (2003). Aquaculture: the ecological issues. Blackwell Science, Oxford.
Black, K.D. and Shimmield, G.B., eds., (2003) Biogeochemistry of Marine Systems, Blackwell Publishing, Oxford. 372 pages.
Cromey, C.J., Black, K.D. (2005). Modelling the impacts of finfish aquaculture (chapter 6). In: B.T.Hargrave (ed.) Environmental effects of marine finfish aquaculture. The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry (volume 5): Water Pollution, Springer Verlag.
Holmer, M., Black, K. D., Duarte, C. M., Marba, N. and Karakassis, I., eds.(2008). Aquaculture in the Ecosystem, pp. 325. Springer Verlag.
Black, K.D. (2008) Needs and suppliers: marine data for management and research. The West Coast of Scotland Digital Atlas Initiative, in Proceedings of the Marine Data Seminar (ed Ian Oxley) University of St Andrews, pp15-20.
Career History
Oct 1991 Joined Dunstaffnage Marine Laboratory as Higher Scientific Officer: Leader of Coastal Impacts Research Group. NERC employee
May 1994 Senior Scientific Officer. SAMS employee
July 1998 Prinicpal Scientific Officer (B4). NERC employee