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• Research
  • Departments
    • Biogeochemistry
      • Biogeochemistry Projects
        • Unravelling the Ocean Methane Paradox
        • The Younger Dryas marine limit
        • ANDEEP
        • Bacterial associates and DMSO production
        • Oceans 2025 Theme 1:Ocean circulation, sea level and climate change
        • Deglacial history of the Summer Isles region, NW Scotland
        • Deep Sea Mine Tailings
        • TopoDeep
        • Coral Geochemistry and Climate Change
      • Biogeochemistry Staff
      • Facilities
        • ICP-MS Facility
        • ICP-OES Facility
        • Benthic Landers
        • Laboratory Managers
      • Biogeochemistry News
        • Ageing Antarctic ooze - new paper out
        • Feature Story
          • New species discovered in Antarctic deep sea
        • PhD on Younger Dryas ice
        • New species discovered in Antarctic
        • Seabed mapping tools for Oceans 2025
        • Arctic sampling cruise
        • Arrival of multi-sensor core logger at SAMS
        • Side-Scan Sonar at SAMS
        • MAPPING THE SEABED
        • The TopoDeep Project
        • How do underwater landscapes shape the deep-ocean ecosystem?
      • Past Projects
        • OASIS
        • AMT
        • PELAGRA
        • NSP Theme A:Understanding Fjordic Systems; insights for coastal and oceanic processes
        • Arabian Sea
      • Media
    • Ecology
      • Ecology Projects
        • Algal Toxins, Shellfish and Human Health
          • TALISMAN
          • SPIES-DETOX
        • Aquaculture Environment Interactions
          • ECASA
          • Keyzones
          • Risk Factors in Shellfish Harvesting Areas
          • Modelling long term benthic recovery after fish farming
          • Krill as a source of aquafeeds
          • Scottish Executive Aquaculture Review
          • Fish-farms and Biodiversity action plan habitats (BAPs)
          • Environmental impacts of mussel farming
        • Cold-water Corals
          • Coral people
          • Coral projects
          • Coral facilities
          • Coral publications
          • Coral links
          • Mingulay Reef Complex
        • Deep Water Research
          • HERMES
          • Strategic Environmental Assessment of Area 7
          • DC-UK
          • Deep projects
            • HERMES
            • Strategic Environmental Assessment of Area 7
            • DC-UK
            • Deep projects
          • Deep Water Research Projects
            • Deepfish
        • Ecological Modelling
          • Modern Methods for Ecosystem Modelling
          • North Sea Subsidies
        • Integrated Aquaculture
          • Integrated Aquaculture - AAAG
          • SPIINES2
          • MERMAIDS
          • REDWEED
        • Intertidal Ecology
          • NERC Oceans 2025 Theme 4 Biodiversity
          • NERC Rockpools
        • Marine Aliens
          • Marine Aliens
          • Habitat complexity, invasive species and the delivery of ecosystem services
          • Invasive species alert
        • Marine Environmental Genomics
          • Marine Environmental Genomics
        • Marine Mammals
          • Scottish Bottlenose Dolphin Project
        • Marine Renewables
          • Collision risk to marine mammals
        • Reef Ecology
          • Habitat complexity, invasive species and the delivery of ecosystem services
          • The Loch Linnhe Artificial Reef
          • Serpulid reefs
        • Science and Policy
          • SPICOSA
          • EECSAF (Ecolabelling and Certification)
        • Zooplankton Dynamics
          • Arctic Zooplankton
          • Scottish Zooplankton
          • Aquaculture and Zooplankton
          • Turning up the Heat on Calanus
          • Sea lice dispersal
        • Oceans 2025 T4: Biodiversity & Ecosystem Functioning
          • WP4.4 Predators, prey and energy flow
          • WP4.6 Habitat Complexity and Invasion
        • EuroCoML
        • Marine Lipids
        • Recovering Scotland’s Marine Environment
        • Shark Tagathon 2009
        • KnowSeas
      • Ecology Past Projects
        • PAMP
        • NERC NSP Theme A Q3
          • Modelling Zooplankton and Predator Behaviour
        • Scottish Executive Aquaculture Review
      • Ecology Staff Profiles
      • Ecology Contacts
      • Feature Story
        • Limpets love Laminaria!
        • Deep Water Photographic Exhibition
        • SAMS technology aids aggregate extraction impact studies
        • Feeding a cold water coral reef
        • Feeding Lophelia
        • Understanding activity rhythms in animals
        • The value of artificial reefs
        • Artificial reefs support abundant marine life
        • The importance of cold-water coral reefs
        • Climate change impacts at regional scales
        • Prevent Escapes
        • Assessing the use of benthic indices in environmental impact of aquaculture - new paper
        • New EU Prevent Escape project aims to reduce fish farm escapes
        • Stock collapse and ecosystem change in Northwest Atlantic ecosystems
        • Fish stock collapse and ecosystem change in Northwest Atlantic ecosystems
        • "Eye of the Ocean" examines life in the deep sea
        • Murray Roberts' Blog from "Life on the Edge" Expedition 2009
        • Recovering Scotland's Marine Environment
        • SAMS report on recovering Scotland's marine environment makes waves in Scottish Parliament
        • DEEPFISH explores complex fisheries interactions in a large deepwater-fishery
        • Shark Tagathon 2009
        • Policy options for Namibian fisheries
        • FAO publishes review of EIA and monitoring in aquaculture
        • International phycological conference goes ahead
        • Understanding coasts - barnacles show the way!
        • Smothering sea squirt reaches Scotland
      • Ecology Research Areas
      • Ecology News
      • The suitability of benthic indices in EIA - new paper!
      • Building a Sustainable Future for Aquaculture
      • Ecological Modelling Workshop for Marine Renewable Energy
      • End-to-end-strategy for the North Atlantic - new publication
      • Marine Aggregate Dredging Impacts
      • Deep-Sea Life Exhibition
    • Microbial & molecular biol
      • MMB Project Themes
        • Microbial taxonomy and phylogenetics
          • Biodiversity and molecular phylogeny of eukaryotic microorganism
        • Harmful Algal Blooms
          • FINAL
          • FSA Phytoplankton Monitoring Programme
          • Harmful Algae & Human Health
          • ELISA
          • Karenia mikimotoi
        • Algal biochemistry
          • Genomics of brown algal diseases
          • Microbial mediation of primary productivity and algal biodiversity
        • Algal biofilms
        • Cryobiology and cryopreservation
        • Algal-bacterial interactions
          • ALBA (SOLAS UK)
          • COMPAS
          • Siderophores
          • Genomics
        • Novel compounds for biotechnology
          • BIOEMULSIFIERS
        • Aquaculture impacts and coastal eutrophication
        • Polar microbial ecology
        • Microbial food webs
          • Mesocosms
          • Protozoan nutrient regeneration
          • Research cruise to the Celtic Sea - July 2008
        • Mathematical models
      • MMB Projects
        • ASSEMBLE
        • Biomara
        • Harmful Algal Blooms
          • FINAL
          • Harmful Algae & Human Health
          • ELISA
          • Karenia mikimotoi
        • Monitoring HABs
        • Algal Stress
          • Genomics of brown algal diseases
        • Algal Biofilms
        • Cryobiology
        • Novel Compounds
        • Algal-Bacterial Interactions
        • Coastal Impacts
        • Microbial Ecosystems
          • Mesocosms
          • Protozoan nutrient regeneration
          • Research Cruise to the Celtic Sea July 2008
      • MMB News
        • Aerial jellyfish survey
        • An iron-clad partnership
        • Are bacteria helping to seed the oceans?
        • 58th Meeting of the British Phycological Society
        • A new collection of Alexandrium cultures available at CCAP
        • Toxic Phytoplankton Monitoring Accreditation
        • Microbial Food Web Publication
        • BioMara wins widespread publicity for SAMS
        • Bacterial emulsifier with biotechnology potential discovered at SAMS
        • Novel triggers for defense reactions in kelp
        • Marine Algae from the Straits of Malacca
        • Research Cruise to the Celtic Sea (July 2008)
        • CCAP at SAMS Host Algal Meetings
        • Nature paper on new CCAP type culture
        • Note on biogeochemical modelling of arctic and sub-arctic coastal seas published
        • COBO EU project final report
        • Exceptional harmful algal bloom in Scottish waters
        • Field study investigates toxic microalgae in Orkney and Shetland
        • Culture Collection's new website
        • New Publications
          • Major publication from CCAP
          • Diverse publications from John Day
          • Unexpected finding from marine bacteria
          • 2 Microbial Antarctic papers
          • New publication on the role of inorganic and organic nitrogen in structuring marine microbial food webs
        • HAB workshop report published
        • Detecting parasites in brown seaweeds
        • An invasive, copper-hyperaccumulating plant
      • Past Projects
        • MACE
        • Alginet
        • COBRA
        • COBO
      • MMB Facilities and Services
      • MMB Staff Profiles
      • MMB Staff Contacts
    • Physics
      • Physics Projects
        • The Ellett line
          • Ellett line CTD procedures
          • Ellett line CTD stations
          • Cruise D321b
          • Cruise D340a
        • Variability across the ISR
        • MariClim
        • Fjord modelling
        • DIMES
        • Tiree Passage
        • NICE-1
        • The Wyville Thomson Ridge
          • Wyville Thomson Ridge ADCP
        • Gliders in the North Atlantic
        • Oceans2025 Theme3.7 Flow over Topography
      • Marine Technology
        • Drifting Buoys
        • Data Telemetry
        • The HOMER Profiler
        • NERC Tech Forum '08
        • Ice platforms
      • Sea Ice
        • DAMOCLES
        • Past Projects
          • IRIS
          • GreenICE
          • SITHOS
          • IPY-CARE
        • RECARO
        • EuroClim
        • ESA IPY AO #4103
        • ESA IPY AO #4152
        • ESA AO for ALOS ADEN #3722
        • ESA AO for ALOS ADEN #3723
      • Physics Staff
      • Physics News
        • Feature Story
          • Wind influences sea ice over the Arctic shelf
          • SAMS in the Antarctic
        • UNMANNED UNDERWATER VEHICLE FOR SAMS
        • OCEAN GLIDER TO BE LAUNCHED BY SAMS
        • Antarctic diary - final entries
        • Sea ice research is covered by Nature
        • Planet Earth's podcast on Seaglider
        • Expedition blog live from Atlantic
        • SAMS Physical Oceanographers monitoring Arctic Ocean
        • Final reports from the Arctic
        • SAMS glider launched
        • Glider webpage now live!
      • Past Projects
        • Sea Loch Deoxygenation
        • MIDAS
        • Tidal Dissipation
        • Assimilative Capacity Modelling
      • Topographic Flow Workshop
      • SFMM 09
      • Live Feeds
        • SAMS Weather & Webcam
  • Research themes
    • Arctic research
      • Why study the Arctic?
      • Arctic Research at SAMS
      • Planning for change: Policy and education
      • Arctic Research Publications
      • Arctic Papers
      • Arctic Cruise 2008
        • The People
          • Keith Jackson - Marine Technologist
          • Eric Fouilland - marine biologist
          • Estelle DuMont - oceanographic instrument technician
          • Arlene Rowan - Microbial ecology
          • Ray Leakey - Cruise Leader
          • Colin Griffiths
          • Henrik Stahl - Biogeochemist
          • Martyn Harvey
          • Susan Fitzer
          • James Bendle - Palaeoclimatologist
          • Elanor Bell - Aquatic microbial ecologist
          • Participant name and title
          • Kate McIntyre - research student
          • Laila Sadler
          • Andrea Veszelovszki
          • Peter Lamont
          • Mark Hart - Microbiologist
          • Elaine Mitchell
          • Pauline Learmonth - Biogeochemist
          • Tim Brand
          • Anette Wold
          • Stig Falk-Petersen
          • Jane Manning - research student
          • Mags Wallace
          • Emilie Le Floch
          • Anastasia Charalampopoulou
          • Dr Mike Lucas - biological oceanographer
          • Joe Collins
          • Terence Doyle - Instrumentation Engineer
          • John Kenny
          • The Journey
            • Laila's Arctic Cruise Blog
            • The Engineers
            • The JRC Catering Department
            • The JRC Deck Department
            • The JCR Engineering Department
          • Elanor Bell's blog
          • Ray Leakey - personal blog
          • Henrik Stahl - personal journal from the expedition
        • The Science
          • The more detailed science
            • Researching hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria in the Arctic
            • Shelf-sea processes research by Proudman Oceanographic Lab
            • Why are we interested in carbon flow in the Arctic?
            • The Science of the Ice CHASER Expedition
            • How much carbon is being consumed by microbes?
            • The Detailed Science of the Ice CHASER Expedition
            • ICE CHASER preliminary findings
          • GLOSSARY of Arctic science terms
          • Diagrams and photos for Science from July 23
          • The driving force behind ocean circulation
          • The Gulf Stream and how it works
          • The Science of the Ice CHASER Expedition front page
        • Gallery
        • randomimages2
        • ICE CHASER expedition to the Arctic 2008
        • Links
      • SAMS in IPY
      • Our Arctic podcast
      • Major new investments in Arctic research
      • Expanding Greenland sea ice research
    • Marine policy
      • Centre for Coastal and Ocean Governance
      • Consultation
      • Marine policy links
      • Marine policy forum
      • Marine policy blog
    • Marine renewables
      • Biofuels from marine plants
      • Environmental impacts
  • Strategic science program
    • Oceans 2025
    • Northern Seas Programme
  • Scientific Staff
    • Adam Hughes
    • Andrew Dale
    • Angela Hatton
    • Anuschka Miller
    • Arlene K. Rowan
    • Axel Miller
    • Ben Wilson
    • Bhavani E. Narayanaswamy
    • Christine Campbell
    • Claire Gachon
    • Clive J Fox
    • Dan Sinclair
    • David Green
    • David Hughes
    • David Meldrum
    • Debra Brennan
    • Elaine Mitchell
    • Elanor M. Bell
    • Elizabeth J. Cook
    • Finlo Cottier
    • Frithjof C. Küpper
    • Heather Orr
    • Dr. Henrik Stahl
    • Jeremy Wilkinson
    • John Beaton
    • John A. Howe
    • Kate McIntyre
    • John G. Day
    • Keith Davidson
    • Ken Jones
    • Kenny Black
    • Kim S. Last
    • Linda Robb
    • Lois Calder
    • Maeve Kelly
    • Dmitry Aleynik
    • Mark Hart
    • Dr Mark Inall
    • Martin Sayer
    • Martyn Harvey
    • Michael T. Burrows
    • Michele Stanley
    • Rachel Saxon
    • Ray Leakey
    • Robert Turnewitsch
    • Ronnie Glud
    • Sarah Swan
    • Sheila JJ Heymans
    • Shona Magill
    • Tavis Potts
    • Thom Nickell
    • Tim Boyd
    • Tim Brand
    • Toby Sherwin
    • Walter Geibert
    • Tracy Shimmield
    • Christine Beveridge
    • Averil Wilson
    • Leah Morrison
    • Bryony Carr
    • Richard Abell
    • Andy Reynolds
    • Professor Laurence Mee
    • Svenja Heesch
  • Honorary Research Fellows
    • Dr John Gordon
      • Deep-Water Fish and Fisheries
        • anglerfish
        • aphanopus
        • benthos
        • bioparam
        • biostudy
        • contracts
        • deep sea fish
        • deep water fisheries
        • demersal
        • development
        • effects
        • elasmobranch
        • Fish Stocks
        • Identification
        • Otolith
        • Popular Articles
        • Population
        • Projects
        • Research
        • Stock discrimination
        • Trace Metals
        • The Trophic Ecology
    • Dr Robin N Gibson
    • Dr Jake Rice
    • Dr J Murray Roberts
    • Robin Harvey
  • Major projects
    • Sub projects
  • Past projects
  • Postgraduate research
    • Current SAMS PhD students
      • Christian Lønborg
      • Clare Johnson
      • Gill Andrew
      • Emily Venables
      • Paul Batty: benthic invertebrates
      • Martina Strittmatter
    • Previous postgraduate students
      • Lindsay Wilson: fish sounds
      • Mark Shields: deep-sea macrofauna
      • Richard Shucksmith: invasive species
      • Romain Pete: Microbes and DOC
      • Sam Wilson: biogases
  • Software
• Study opportunities
  • Postgraduate
    • UHI
    • Living in the Oban area
    • New MRes in Marine Systems Science
  • Studying at SAMS
  • BSc (Hons) Marine Science
  • Schools
    • Our outreach officer
  • CPD
    • Marine spatial planning
    • Ecopath
• Commercial
  • Services
  • Facilities
  • A-Z of SAMS Services
• Membership
  • Governance
    • AGM
    • AGM Minutes
  • SAMS AGM
  • Becoming a member
    • Benefits
    • Application Form
  • Scottish Marine Group
  • Newth Lecture
  • Bursaries
  • Publications
  • Seminar series
    • Past Seminars
  • Conferences & Meetings
  • Membership events
    • 19th Annual Newth Lecture
  • Members' news
    • SAMS member Dr John MacLeod wins Fishing News award
  • Memberviews
• About SAMS
  • SAMS staff
  • Visiting SAMS
    • Get Directions
  • Our history
  • SAMS partners
• Facilities
  • National Facilities
    • Culture Collection of Algae and Protozoa
    • National Facility for Scientific Diving
  • Research vessels
    • R.V. Calanus
    • R.V. Seol Mara
  • Laboratories
    • Analytical
    • Benthic lander centre
    • Culture collection
    • Electron microscopy
    • Molecular biology
    • Microbiology
    • Microscope room
    • Sediment and geology
  • Diving centre
  • Aquarium
  • Artificial reef
  • Conference facilities
    • William Speirs Bruce Conference Room
    • Meeting rooms
  • Library
  • International Arctic Lab
  • Production workshop
  • Teaching facility
• Vacancies
  • Job vacancies
  • Bursaries @ SAMS
  • Studentships @ SAMS
• News & events
  • News releases
  • Science News
  • Discussion blogs
  • Archive news
    • Archive 2006
      • OCEANS 2025
      • ARC posts available
      • Highland MPs at SAMS
      • SAMS Open Day
      • Open Evening
      • 06 Quiz winners
      • Marine Art
      • National Facility for Scientific Diving (NFSD)
      • First CPD course for teachers for many years
      • Svalbard's fjords ice-free
      • DEPOMOD
      • Sea-ice buoy sinks
    • Archive 2005
      • Ellett line cruse report
      • New BSc Students
      • SAMS expedition
      • BSc Marine Science vacancies
      • SAMS and Greenpeace exploration of Scotlands Coral Reef
      • New SAMS President
      • Ig Nobel Prize
      • Closure of SAMS Ardtoe Ltd
      • Closure of Ardtoe Marine Laboratory
      • Challenger Society 2006
    • Archive 2004
      • HRH The Princess Royal
      • Water Pollution Detection Sensor
  • SAMS events
    • PNG Conference
      • About the PNG Project
      • PNG Project
        • Draft General Guidelines
        • Programme & Events
        • Workshops/Talks
        • Social Activities
        • Keynote Speakers
        • Accomodation
        • Travel
        • Contacts
        • Registration
        • Guidlines contact form
    • SAMS Annual General Meeting
    • SAMS @ Oban Environment Week
    • Scottish Marine Group autumn meeting
    • Scottish Fluid Mechanics Meeting 2009
    • €6 million sustainable biofuel project launches at SAMS
    • Lunchtime seminar series
      • 24 Feb: Seminar Claire Hugues - Biogenic bromocarbons: what now and what next?
      • 17 Mar: Seminar by Phil Williamson- The central Indian Ocean where climate change, marine conservation and politics meet
  • Communications Team
  • Our science in the media
    • In the media
• Expeditions
  • Ocean Deep Expedition
    • Ocean Deep Expedition Blog
      • Ocean Deep II
    • The science of the ocean deep expedition
    • The scientific team
    • Ocean Deep Expedition Blogs
  • Baffin Island Expedition
    • Baffin Island Expedition Blog
    • Baffin Island expedition scientific participants
    • Baffin Island Expedition - the science
  • Iceland to Scotland
  • Students in the Arctic
  • Arctic ice research with Greenpeace
  • Antarctic sea ice research